WAT-1 (Iatrogenic Withdrawal)

Name: WAT-1 (Iatrogenic Withdrawal)
Creator: Daniel Diaz-Gil, MD
Keywords: WAT, WAT-1, withdrawal, assessment, iatrogenic, opioid, benzodiazepine, ICU, PICU, weaning, pediatric, sedation

Withdrawal Assessment Tool for monitoring opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal in pediatrics

The WAT-1 (Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1) quantifies opioid and sedative withdrawal symptoms in pediatric ICU patients, guiding optimization of analgesic and sedative regimens to minimize withdrawal symptoms during weaning. This tool helps clinicians differentiate withdrawal from inadequate analgesia or sedation. Use this tool daily in weaning PICU patients to assess withdrawal severity and guide medication tapering strategies.

Clinically Verified· 5 tests

For educational and informational purposes only. Verify all results before clinical application.

Loose/Watery Stools *

Vomiting/Retching *

Fever (≥37.8°C) *

State Transition *

Tremor *

Sweating *

Uncoordinated/Repetitive Movements *

Yawning/Sneezing *

Startle Response *

Increased Tonus *

Time to Gain Calm *

References

Franck LS, Harris SK, Soetenga DJ, et al. The Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1 (WAT-1): an assessment instrument for monitoring opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms in pediatric patients. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2008;9(6):573-580.[DOI]

Reviewed by Daniel Diaz-Gil, MD · Last updated March 2026

Medical disclaimer

This tool is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional clinical judgment. Always independently verify results before making clinical decisions.

Professional Resources — Tools used by pediatricians for clinical scoring

PEWS Reference CardsPediatric Early Warning Score quick-reference cards for bedside use~$15via Amazon Pediatric Digital ScaleAccurate weight measurement for clinical assessment~$40via Amazon BoardVitals Pediatrics QbankBoard-style questions for general pediatrics certificationsubscriptionvia BoardVitals